LECTURIO PRACTICE QUIZ
For this Practice Quiz, you will answer a set of 10 practice questions related to the content presented in the Lecturio platform for this week. Please be sure to review the Lecturio course content from the Learning Resources in preparation for completing your Practice Quiz.
Question 1 (1 pt)
An adult patient with a history of chronic hepatitis C presents with a sudden onset of dark urine and lower extremity rash. A biopsy of the rash reveals deposits of immune complexes in small blood vessels. Which of the following best describes the primary response that results in tissue damage in this patient’s condition?
- A. Activation of the complement cascade causing local inflammation
- B. Hyperactivation of natural killer cells leading to vascular injury
- C. Direct cytolysis by the immune complexes
- D. Direct cytolysis by cytotoxic T cells
Question 2 (1 pt)
Which of the following cellular mechanisms is most directly involved in the pathogenesis of myocarditis?
- A. Infiltration of the myocardium by inflammatory cells
- B. Activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
- C. Deposition of beta-amyloid protein in the cardiac tissue
- D. Endothelial dysfunction leading to plaque rupture
Question 3 (1 pt)
While examining a histological slide under the microscope, a student notices a blood vessel. To determine if it’s an artery, which of the following histological features should the student look for as being characteristic of arteries?
- A. Absence of internal and external elastic membranes
- B. A larger lumen relative to the vessel wall thickness
- C. A more rounded shape when sectioned
- D. Absence of smooth muscle in the vessel wall
Question 4 (1 pt)
An elderly adult undergoes an echocardiogram as part of a cardiovascular evaluation. The nurse practitioner is focused on visualizing a valve with 2 leaflets that prevent backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium. Which valve is being visualized?
- A. Tricuspid valve
- B. Pulmonary valve
- C. Mitral valve
- D. Aortic valve
Question 5 (1 pt)
A patient presents with a laceration on his forearm after accidentally cutting himself while cooking. Which of the following factors initiates the activation of the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade?
- A. Factor VII
- B. Factor IX
- C. Factor I
- D. Factor XII
Question 6 (1 pt)
An elderly patient with a history of hypertension presents with shortness of breath and fatigue on exertion. An echocardiogram shows a thickened aortic valve with decreased leaflet mobility. Which molecular event is predominantly responsible for the cellular changes observed in the affected tissue?
- A. Upregulation of proteoglycan synthesis
- B. Enhanced production of anti-inflammatory cytokines
- C. Inhibition of osteoblast differentiation
- D. Activation of osteogenic signaling pathways
Question 7 (1 pt)
An older man with a history of chronic kidney disease and hyperlipidemia undergoes coronary angiography, which reveals a significant narrowing of a coronary artery. The most advanced stage of atherosclerosis can lead to vessel occlusion and is characterized by which of the following?
- A. Accumulation of extracellular lipids in the intima
- B. Increased vascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion
- C. Fibrous cap formation over a necrotic lipid core
- D. Monocyte recruitment and differentiation into macrophages
Question 8 (1 pt)
A patient’s echocardiography demonstrates a significantly narrowed aortic valve orifice with left ventricular hypertrophy. Which major category of cardiac pathology best explains this condition?
- A. Pump failure
- B. Shunted flow
- C. Regurgitant flow
- D. Flow obstruction
Question 9 (1 pt)
Which of the following best describes the primary role of resistance vessels?
- A. Providing nutrient supply to the walls of larger vessels
- B. Ensuring blood storage during periods of low cardiac output
- C. They regulate arterial blood pressure and blood flow within the organs.
- D. Directing blood flow to specific organs based on demand
Question 10 (1 pt)
A patient is evaluated for newly diagnosed hypertension. Which vessel type is a major determinant of systemic blood pressure?
- A. Arterioles
- B. Large arteries
- C. Venules
- D. Capillaries