6501 week 2 quiz
Question 1
A patient with chronic alcohol abuse presents with liver damage. The liver cells have undergone a transformation in which they no longer function optimally and may exacerbate the injury instead of aiding in recovery. This transformation is best described as a:
Group of answer choices
Beneficial adaptation
Maladaptive change
Homeostatic balance
Transient alteration
Question 2
A patient with acute limb ischemia undergoes a surgical procedure to remove an arterial blockage in the leg. Which of the following mechanisms is one of the most likely to contribute to tissue injury after the removal of the blockage?
Group of answer choices
Increased oxygen reduction in mitochondria
Reduced concentration of calcium in the affected cells
Deposition of certain forms of antibodies that will lead to complement activation
Decreased recruitment of inflammatory cells to the site
Question 3
A patient has been bedridden for the past 5 months due to a hip fracture and develops reduced muscle mass in her lower extremities. Which of the following is the most likely cellular mechanism underlying this patient’s muscle atrophy?
Group of answer choices
Accumulation of lipofuscin in muscle cells
Increased protein synthesis in the muscle cells
Activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway
Enhanced mitotic activity in the muscle cells
Question 4
Which of the following best describes the term “cellular adaptation”?
Group of answer choices
A process every cell undergoes as part of natural aging
A cell’s change in structure and/or function due to adverse conditions or injury
A cell’s immediate reaction to sudden, acute damage
How cells communicate to ensure tissue-level coordination
Question 51 pts
What is the primary difference between hypertrophy and hyperplasia?
Group of answer choices
Hypertrophy involves an increase in cell size, while hyperplasia involves an increase in cell number.
Hypertrophy involves an increase in cell number, while hyperplasia involves an increase in cell size.
Both hypertrophy and hyperplasia result in an increase in cell size.
Both hypertrophy and hyperplasia result in an increase in cell number.
Question 6
A patient has been diagnosed with a pathological enlargement of the thyroid gland. The biopsy results show cells of normal size but an increased number. Which of the following statements best describes the biopsy findings?
Group of answer choices
The thyroid gland shows signs of dysplasia.
The thyroid gland has experienced hyperplasia.
The thyroid gland has undergone hypertrophy.
The thyroid gland demonstrates metaplasia.
Question 7
What causes the production of reactive oxygen species in an ischemia-reperfusion injury?
Group of answer choices
Activation of lysosomal enzymes that degrade cellular components
Overactivity of sodium-potassium pumps in the cellular membrane
Reduced utilization of glucose by glycolysis
Incomplete reduction of oxygen at the mitochondrial level
Question 8
During the treatment of a heart attack, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is used to dissolve the blood clot causing ischemia. However, this reperfusion can lead to further tissue damage. Which of the following mechanisms primarily contributes to this ischemia-reperfusion injury?
Group of answer choices
Restoration of normal mitochondrial function immediately upon reperfusion
Specific deposition of antibodies, leading to deactivation of the complement system
Increased extracellular calcium influx into compromised cells, leading to activation of calpain and cell death
Decreased recruitment of inflammatory cells, reducing the generation of reactive oxygen species
Question 9
What is a key difference between proteasomal degradation and lysosomal degradation in cellular atrophy?
Group of answer choices
Lysosomal degradation targets misfolded proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosomal degradation involves the degradation of nuclear proteins
Proteasomal degradation occurs within lysosomes
Proteasomal degradation occurs in the cytoplasm and degrades ubiquitinated proteins
Answer Guide :6501 Week 2 quiz
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